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Current experimental vitreous substitutes only replace the physical functions of the natural vitreous humor. Removal of the native vitreous disrupts oxygen homeostasis in the eye, causing oxidative damage to the lens that likely results in cataract formation. Neither current clinical treatments nor other experimental vitreous substitutes consider the problem of oxidative stress after vitrectomy. To address this problem, biomimetic hydrogels are prepared by free radical polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. These hydrogels have similar mechanical and optical properties to the vitreous. The hydrogels are injectable through small‐gauge needles and demonstrate in vitro biocompatibility with human retinal and lens epithelial cells. The hydrogels and added vitamin C, an antioxidant, show a synergistic effect in protecting ocular cells against reactive oxygen species, which fulfills a chemical function of the natural vitreous. These hydrogels have the potential to prevent post‐vitrectomy cataract formation and reduce the cost of additional surgeries.